Kidney Disorders During Pregnancy - Women's.

 One of the organs that are significantly affected during pregnancy is the kidney. Kidney disorders during pregnancy can be serious and can affect both the mother and the baby. In this article, we will discuss the common kidney disorders that can occur during pregnancy, their causes, and how they can be treated.

Kidney Function During Pregnancy

The kidneys are responsible for filtering the blood, removing waste products, and regulating electrolytes and fluid balance in the body. During pregnancy, the kidneys undergo significant changes to meet the increased demands of the growing fetus. The volume of blood in the body increases by up to 50%, which means that the kidneys have to work harder to filter the increased volume of blood. Additionally, the hormone progesterone relaxes the muscles in the urinary tract, which can cause urine to accumulate in the bladder and increase the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Common Kidney Disorders During Pregnancy

1. Pre-eclampsia

Pre-eclampsia is a condition that affects 5-8% of pregnant women. It is characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine after the 20th week of pregnancy. Pre-eclampsia can affect the function of the kidneys, liver, and other organs, and can lead to serious complications such as eclampsia, stroke, and kidney failure.

The exact cause of pre-eclampsia is not known, but it is believed to be related to problems with the blood vessels in the placenta. Risk factors for pre-eclampsia include first-time pregnancy, multiple pregnancies, obesity, and pre-existing medical conditions such as hypertension and diabetes.

Treatment for pre-eclampsia includes monitoring blood pressure and urine protein levels, bed rest, and medication to lower blood pressure. In severe cases, early delivery may be necessary to prevent further complications.

2. Gestational Diabetes

It affects 2-10% of pregnant women and is caused by high levels of glucose in the blood. Gestational diabetes can affect the function of the kidneys and increase the risk of developing UTIs.

Risk factors for gestational diabetes include obesity, a family history of diabetes, and previous gestational diabetes. Treatment for gestational diabetes includes monitoring blood glucose levels, making dietary changes, and in some cases, medication to control blood sugar.

3. UTIs

UTIs are common during pregnancy and affect up to 10% of pregnant women. UTIs can affect the function of the kidneys and increase the risk of developing pre-eclampsia.

Risk factors for UTIs during pregnancy include a history of UTIs, frequent sexual activity, and the use of a diaphragm for birth control. Treatment for UTIs includes antibiotics, increasing fluid intake, and practicing good hygiene.

4. Pyelonephritis

Pyelonephritis is a severe form of UTI that affects the kidneys. It can cause fever, chills, back pain, and vomiting. Pyelonephritis can be serious during pregnancy and can increase the risk of premature labor and low birth weight.

Risk factors for pyelonephritis include a history of UTIs, a weakened immune system, and the use of a urinary catheter. Treatment for pyelonephritis includes antibiotics and hospitalization in severe cases.

5. Kidney Stones

Kidney stones are hard deposits that form in the kidneys and can cause pain and discomfort. Pregnancy increases the risk of developing kidney stones due to changes in hormone levels and increased fluid retention.

Treatment for kidney stones during pregnancy includes pain management, increasing